Linux Containers: Difference between revisions
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sudo apt upgrade && sudo apt autoremove | sudo apt upgrade && sudo apt autoremove | ||
sudo snap install lxd --channel= | sudo snap install lxd --channel=6.1/stable | ||
sudo usermod -aG lxd ${USER} | sudo usermod -aG lxd ${USER} | ||
Line 9: | Line 8: | ||
==Initial Setup== | ==Initial Setup== | ||
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash" highlight=" | {| | ||
| valign="top" | | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash" highlight="5,9,13,15,18"> | |||
sudo lxd init | sudo lxd init | ||
:' | :' | ||
Would you like to use LXD clustering? (yes/no) [default=no]: | Would you like to use LXD clustering? (yes/no) [default=no]: | ||
Do you want to configure a new storage pool? (yes/no) [default=yes]: | |||
Name of the new storage pool [default=default]: lxd-btrfs-pool-aa | |||
Name of the storage backend to use (btrfs, ceph, dir, lvm, powerflex) [default=btrfs]: | |||
Create a new BTRFS pool? (yes/no) [default=yes]: | |||
Name of the storage backend to use (btrfs, dir, lvm, | |||
Create a new | |||
Would you like to use an existing empty block device (e.g. a disk or partition)? (yes/no) [default=no]: | Would you like to use an existing empty block device (e.g. a disk or partition)? (yes/no) [default=no]: | ||
Size in | Size in GiB of the new loop device (1GiB minimum) [default=30GiB]: 100GiB | ||
Would you like to connect to a MAAS server? (yes/no) [default=no]: | Would you like to connect to a MAAS server? (yes/no) [default=no]: | ||
Would you like to | Would you like to create a new local network bridge? (yes/no) [default=yes]: | ||
Would you like to | What should the new bridge be called? [default=lxdbr0]: | ||
What | What IPv4 address should be used? (CIDR subnet notation, “auto” or “none”) [default=auto]: 10.20.0.1/24 | ||
Would you like stale cached images to be updated automatically? (yes/no) [default=yes] | Would you like LXD to NAT IPv4 traffic on your bridge? [default=yes]: | ||
Would you like a YAML "lxd init" preseed to be printed? (yes/no) [default=no]: | What IPv6 address should be used? (CIDR subnet notation, “auto” or “none”) [default=auto]: none | ||
Would you like the LXD server to be available over the network? (yes/no) [default=no]: | |||
Would you like stale cached images to be updated automatically? (yes/no) [default=yes]: | |||
Would you like a YAML "lxd init" preseed to be printed? (yes/no) [default=no]: yes | |||
' | ' | ||
</syntaxhighlight> | </syntaxhighlight> | ||
---- | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> | |||
lxc image ls images:debian bookworm $(dpkg --print-architecture) | |||
lxc image ls images:ubuntu noble $(dpkg --print-architecture) | |||
lxc image ls images:alpine 3.20 $(dpkg --print-architecture) | |||
lxc image ls images:opensuse 15.6 $(dpkg --print-architecture) | |||
lxc image ls images:archlinux current $(dpkg --print-architecture) | |||
lxc image ls | |||
lxc storage ls | |||
lxc network ls | |||
lxc ls | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
| valign="top" | | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang="yaml" highlight="4,6,13,15,28" line> | |||
config: {} | |||
networks: | |||
- config: | |||
ipv4.address: 10.20.0.1/24 | |||
ipv4.nat: "true" | |||
ipv6.address: none | |||
description: "" | |||
name: lxdbr0 | |||
type: "" | |||
project: default | |||
storage_pools: | |||
- config: | |||
size: 100GiB | |||
description: "" | |||
name: lxd-btrfs-pool-aa | |||
driver: btrfs | |||
storage_volumes: [] | |||
profiles: | |||
- config: {} | |||
description: "" | |||
devices: | |||
eth0: | |||
name: eth0 | |||
network: lxdbr0 | |||
type: nic | |||
root: | |||
path: / | |||
pool: lxd-btrfs-pool-aa | |||
type: disk | |||
name: default | |||
projects: [] | |||
cluster: null | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
|} | |||
==Management== | ==Management== | ||
Line 39: | Line 89: | ||
{| | {| | ||
| | | | ||
lxc launch images:alpine/3. | lxc launch images:alpine/3.20 academia --vm | ||
lxc launch images:alpine/3. | lxc launch images:alpine/3.20 academia | ||
lxc restart academia | lxc restart academia | ||
lxc start academia | lxc start academia | ||
lxc stop academia | lxc stop academia | ||
| | | | ||
lxc launch images:opensuse/15. | lxc launch images:opensuse/15.6 agronomy --vm | ||
lxc launch images:opensuse/15. | lxc launch images:opensuse/15.6 agronomy | ||
lxc restart agronomy | lxc restart agronomy | ||
lxc start agronomy | lxc start agronomy | ||
Line 90: | Line 140: | ||
|valign="top"| | |valign="top"| | ||
<syntaxhighlight lang='bash'> | <syntaxhighlight lang='bash'> | ||
lxc launch images:alpine/3. | lxc launch images:alpine/3.20 academia && | ||
lxc exec academia sh | cat <<'EXE' | lxc exec academia -- sh | ||
sleep 5 | sleep 5 | ||
apk --no-cache | apk --update add --no-cache curl \ | ||
java -version | openjdk21-jre; java -version | ||
EXE | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | </syntaxhighlight> | ||
---- | ---- | ||
Line 101: | Line 151: | ||
lxc stop academia | lxc stop academia | ||
lxc publish academia --alias\ | lxc publish academia --alias\ | ||
alpine/3. | alpine/3.20:curl:java | ||
'''create alias from snapshot:''' | '''create alias from snapshot:''' | ||
lxc snapshot '''academia curl:java''' && | lxc snapshot '''academia curl:java''' && | ||
lxc publish '''academia/curl:java''' --alias\ | lxc publish '''academia/curl:java''' --alias\ | ||
alpine/3. | alpine/3.20:curl:java | ||
lxc delete academia | lxc delete academia | ||
'''launch alias:''' | '''launch alias:''' | ||
lxc launch '''alpine/3. | lxc launch '''alpine/3.20:curl:java''' academia && | ||
lxc exec academia sh | lxc exec academia sh | ||
lxc stop academia && lxc delete academia | lxc stop academia && lxc delete academia | ||
Line 116: | Line 166: | ||
|valign="top"| | |valign="top"| | ||
<syntaxhighlight lang='bash'> | <syntaxhighlight lang='bash'> | ||
lxc launch images:opensuse/15. | lxc launch images:opensuse/15.6 agronomy && | ||
lxc exec agronomy bash | cat <<'EXE' | lxc exec agronomy -- bash | ||
sleep 5 | sleep 5 | ||
zypper install -y curl java- | zypper install -y curl java-21-openjdk | ||
java -version | java -version | ||
EXE | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | </syntaxhighlight> | ||
---- | ---- | ||
Line 127: | Line 177: | ||
lxc stop agronomy | lxc stop agronomy | ||
lxc publish agronomy --alias\ | lxc publish agronomy --alias\ | ||
opensuse/15. | opensuse/15.6:curl:java | ||
'''create alias from snapshot:''' | '''create alias from snapshot:''' | ||
lxc snapshot '''agronomy curl:java''' && | lxc snapshot '''agronomy curl:java''' && | ||
lxc publish '''agronomy/curl:java''' --alias\ | lxc publish '''agronomy/curl:java''' --alias\ | ||
opensuse/15. | opensuse/15.6:curl:java | ||
lxc delete agronomy | lxc delete agronomy | ||
'''launch alias:''' | '''launch alias:''' | ||
lxc launch '''opensuse/15. | lxc launch '''opensuse/15.6:curl:java''' agronomy && | ||
lxc exec agronomy bash | lxc exec agronomy bash | ||
lxc stop agronomy && lxc delete agronomy | lxc stop agronomy && lxc delete agronomy | ||
Line 143: | Line 193: | ||
<syntaxhighlight lang='bash'> | <syntaxhighlight lang='bash'> | ||
lxc launch images:oracle/9 economia && | lxc launch images:oracle/9 economia && | ||
lxc exec economia bash | cat <<'EXE' | lxc exec economia -- bash | ||
sleep 5 | sleep 5 | ||
dnf install -y curl java-11-openjdk | dnf install -y curl java-11-openjdk | ||
java -version | java -version | ||
EXE | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | </syntaxhighlight> | ||
---- | ---- | ||
Line 173: | Line 223: | ||
|valign="top"| | |valign="top"| | ||
<syntaxhighlight lang='bash'> | <syntaxhighlight lang='bash'> | ||
lxc launch images:fedora/ | lxc launch images:fedora/40 robotics && | ||
lxc exec robotics bash | cat <<'EXE' | lxc exec robotics -- bash | ||
sleep 5 | sleep 5 | ||
dnf install -y curl java- | dnf install -y curl java-21-openjdk | ||
java -version | java -version | ||
EXE | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | </syntaxhighlight> | ||
---- | ---- | ||
Line 184: | Line 234: | ||
lxc stop robotics | lxc stop robotics | ||
lxc publish robotics --alias\ | lxc publish robotics --alias\ | ||
fedora/ | fedora/40:curl:java | ||
'''create alias from snapshot:''' | '''create alias from snapshot:''' | ||
lxc snapshot '''robotics curl:java''' && | lxc snapshot '''robotics curl:java''' && | ||
lxc publish '''robotics/curl:java''' --alias\ | lxc publish '''robotics/curl:java''' --alias\ | ||
fedora/ | fedora/40:curl:java | ||
lxc delete robotics | lxc delete robotics | ||
'''launch alias:''' | '''launch alias:''' | ||
lxc launch '''fedora/ | lxc launch '''fedora/40:curl:java''' robotics && | ||
lxc exec robotics bash | lxc exec robotics bash | ||
lxc stop robotics && lxc delete robotics | lxc stop robotics && lxc delete robotics | ||
Line 199: | Line 249: | ||
|valign="top"| | |valign="top"| | ||
<syntaxhighlight lang='bash'> | <syntaxhighlight lang='bash'> | ||
lxc launch images:ubuntu/ | lxc launch images:ubuntu/noble/desktop software --vm && | ||
lxc exec software bash | cat <<'EXE' | lxc exec software -- bash | ||
sleep 5 | sleep 5 | ||
apt-get install -y curl openjdk- | apt-get install -y curl openjdk-21-jre | ||
java -version | java -version | ||
EXE | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | </syntaxhighlight> | ||
---- | ---- | ||
Line 210: | Line 260: | ||
lxc stop software | lxc stop software | ||
lxc publish software --alias\ | lxc publish software --alias\ | ||
ubuntu/ | ubuntu/24.04:curl:java | ||
'''create alias from snapshot:''' | '''create alias from snapshot:''' | ||
lxc snapshot '''software curl:java''' && | lxc snapshot '''software curl:java''' && | ||
lxc publish '''software/curl:java''' --alias\ | lxc publish '''software/curl:java''' --alias\ | ||
ubuntu/ | ubuntu/24.04:curl:java | ||
lxc delete software | lxc delete software | ||
'''launch alias:''' | '''launch alias:''' | ||
lxc launch '''ubuntu/ | lxc launch '''ubuntu/24.04:curl:java''' software && | ||
lxc exec software bash | lxc exec software bash | ||
lxc stop software && lxc delete software | lxc stop software && lxc delete software | ||
Line 226: | Line 276: | ||
<syntaxhighlight lang='bash'> | <syntaxhighlight lang='bash'> | ||
lxc launch images:archlinux travelia && | lxc launch images:archlinux travelia && | ||
lxc exec travelia sh | cat <<'EXE' | lxc exec travelia -- sh | ||
sleep 5 | sleep 5 | ||
pacman --noconfirm -S curl | pacman --noconfirm -S curl jre21-openjdk | ||
java -version | java -version | ||
EXE | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | </syntaxhighlight> | ||
---- | ---- | ||
Line 434: | Line 484: | ||
* [[Vagrant]] | * [[Vagrant]] | ||
* [[MAAS]] | * [[MAAS]] | ||
* [[Snap]] | |||
* [[CIDR]] | * [[CIDR]] | ||
* [[UFW]] | * [[UFW]] |
Latest revision as of 17:43, 19 October 2024
sudo apt upgrade && sudo apt autoremove sudo snap install lxd --channel=6.1/stable sudo usermod -aG lxd ${USER}
sudo snap start lxd sudo snap stop lxd sudo snap logs lxd
Initial Setup
sudo lxd init
:'
Would you like to use LXD clustering? (yes/no) [default=no]:
Do you want to configure a new storage pool? (yes/no) [default=yes]:
Name of the new storage pool [default=default]: lxd-btrfs-pool-aa
Name of the storage backend to use (btrfs, ceph, dir, lvm, powerflex) [default=btrfs]:
Create a new BTRFS pool? (yes/no) [default=yes]:
Would you like to use an existing empty block device (e.g. a disk or partition)? (yes/no) [default=no]:
Size in GiB of the new loop device (1GiB minimum) [default=30GiB]: 100GiB
Would you like to connect to a MAAS server? (yes/no) [default=no]:
Would you like to create a new local network bridge? (yes/no) [default=yes]:
What should the new bridge be called? [default=lxdbr0]:
What IPv4 address should be used? (CIDR subnet notation, “auto” or “none”) [default=auto]: 10.20.0.1/24
Would you like LXD to NAT IPv4 traffic on your bridge? [default=yes]:
What IPv6 address should be used? (CIDR subnet notation, “auto” or “none”) [default=auto]: none
Would you like the LXD server to be available over the network? (yes/no) [default=no]:
Would you like stale cached images to be updated automatically? (yes/no) [default=yes]:
Would you like a YAML "lxd init" preseed to be printed? (yes/no) [default=no]: yes
'
lxc image ls images:debian bookworm $(dpkg --print-architecture)
lxc image ls images:ubuntu noble $(dpkg --print-architecture)
lxc image ls images:alpine 3.20 $(dpkg --print-architecture)
lxc image ls images:opensuse 15.6 $(dpkg --print-architecture)
lxc image ls images:archlinux current $(dpkg --print-architecture)
lxc image ls
lxc storage ls
lxc network ls
lxc ls
|
config: {}
networks:
- config:
ipv4.address: 10.20.0.1/24
ipv4.nat: "true"
ipv6.address: none
description: ""
name: lxdbr0
type: ""
project: default
storage_pools:
- config:
size: 100GiB
description: ""
name: lxd-btrfs-pool-aa
driver: btrfs
storage_volumes: []
profiles:
- config: {}
description: ""
devices:
eth0:
name: eth0
network: lxdbr0
type: nic
root:
path: /
pool: lxd-btrfs-pool-aa
type: disk
name: default
projects: []
cluster: null
|
Management
lxc image list images: ubuntu amd64 lxc image list images: ubuntu arm64 lxc image list images: ubuntu
lxc launch images:alpine/3.20 academia --vm lxc launch images:alpine/3.20 academia lxc restart academia lxc start academia lxc stop academia |
lxc launch images:opensuse/15.6 agronomy --vm lxc launch images:opensuse/15.6 agronomy lxc restart agronomy lxc start agronomy lxc stop agronomy |
lxc launch images:apertis/v2020 robotics lxc launch images:apertis/v2021 robotics lxc restart robotics lxc start robotics lxc stop robotics |
lxc list -c nsS lxc list
lxc exec academia -- su --login chorke lxc exec academia -- /bin/sh lxc exec academia sh lxc console academia
download from container to host lxc file pull academia/etc/hosts ./ upload into container from host lxc file push -r ~/.ssh/ academia/root/.ssh/ lxc file push ~/.ssh/known_hosts academia/root/.ssh/
lxc stop academia && lxc delete academia lxc delete academia --force
manipulate remote images lxc image refresh ubuntu:21.04 lxc image delete ubuntu:21.04 lxc image show ubuntu:21.04 lxc image edit ubuntu:21.04
manipulate local images lxc image delete 97c97f4a1d2d lxc image delete a7b1071c0609
Create Alias
lxc launch images:alpine/3.20 academia &&
cat <<'EXE' | lxc exec academia -- sh
sleep 5
apk --update add --no-cache curl \
openjdk21-jre; java -version
EXE
create alias: lxc stop academia lxc publish academia --alias\ alpine/3.20:curl:java create alias from snapshot: lxc snapshot academia curl:java && lxc publish academia/curl:java --alias\ alpine/3.20:curl:java lxc delete academia launch alias: lxc launch alpine/3.20:curl:java academia && lxc exec academia sh lxc stop academia && lxc delete academia |
lxc launch images:opensuse/15.6 agronomy &&
cat <<'EXE' | lxc exec agronomy -- bash
sleep 5
zypper install -y curl java-21-openjdk
java -version
EXE
create alias: lxc stop agronomy lxc publish agronomy --alias\ opensuse/15.6:curl:java create alias from snapshot: lxc snapshot agronomy curl:java && lxc publish agronomy/curl:java --alias\ opensuse/15.6:curl:java lxc delete agronomy launch alias: lxc launch opensuse/15.6:curl:java agronomy && lxc exec agronomy bash lxc stop agronomy && lxc delete agronomy |
lxc launch images:oracle/9 economia &&
cat <<'EXE' | lxc exec economia -- bash
sleep 5
dnf install -y curl java-11-openjdk
java -version
EXE
create alias: lxc stop economia lxc publish economia --alias\ oracle/9:curl:java create alias from snapshot: lxc snapshot economia curl:java && lxc publish economia/curl:java --alias\ oracle/9:curl:java lxc delete economia launch alias: lxc launch oracle/9:curl:java economia && lxc exec economia bash lxc stop economia && lxc delete economia |
| ||
lxc launch images:fedora/40 robotics &&
cat <<'EXE' | lxc exec robotics -- bash
sleep 5
dnf install -y curl java-21-openjdk
java -version
EXE
create alias: lxc stop robotics lxc publish robotics --alias\ fedora/40:curl:java create alias from snapshot: lxc snapshot robotics curl:java && lxc publish robotics/curl:java --alias\ fedora/40:curl:java lxc delete robotics launch alias: lxc launch fedora/40:curl:java robotics && lxc exec robotics bash lxc stop robotics && lxc delete robotics |
lxc launch images:ubuntu/noble/desktop software --vm &&
cat <<'EXE' | lxc exec software -- bash
sleep 5
apt-get install -y curl openjdk-21-jre
java -version
EXE
create alias: lxc stop software lxc publish software --alias\ ubuntu/24.04:curl:java create alias from snapshot: lxc snapshot software curl:java && lxc publish software/curl:java --alias\ ubuntu/24.04:curl:java lxc delete software launch alias: lxc launch ubuntu/24.04:curl:java software && lxc exec software bash lxc stop software && lxc delete software |
lxc launch images:archlinux travelia &&
cat <<'EXE' | lxc exec travelia -- sh
sleep 5
pacman --noconfirm -S curl jre21-openjdk
java -version
EXE
create alias: lxc stop travelia lxc publish travelia --alias\ archlinux:curl:java create alias from snapshot: lxc snapshot travelia curl:java && lxc publish travelia/curl:java --alias\ archlinux:curl:java lxc delete travelia launch alias: lxc launch archlinux:curl:java travelia && lxc exec travelia sh lxc stop travelia && lxc delete travelia |
Knowledge
lxc list snap info lxd journalctl -xe snap revert lxd snap list --all lxd sudo snap remove lxd journalctl -u snap.lxd.daemon systemctl reload snap.lxd.daemon systemctl status snap.lxd.daemon |
troubleshoot network sudo tcpdump -i eth0 -vn icmp sudo nmcli c up System\ eth0 ps uax | grep systemd-udev ps aux | grep dnsmasq ip addr flush ip addr show ip a ip r |
sudo snap install lxd sudo snap install lxd --channel=3.0/stable sudo snap install lxd --channel=4.0/stable sudo snap install lxd --channel=5.0/stable sudo groupadd --system lxd sudo usermod -G lxd -a $USER newgrp lxd mount | grep cgroup systemd.unified_cgroup_hierarchy=0 cat /var/snap/lxd/common/lxd/logs/lxd.log |
| ||
sudo apt update && sudo apt list --upgradable sudo apt upgrade && sudo apt autoremove sudo apt install snapd sudo zfs list -t all sudo ps fauxww sudo lxd.migrate sudo lxd init --auto sudo lxd init lxc remote list lxc image list |
lxc image list images: lxc image list images: alpine lxc image list images: alpine arm64 lxc image list images: alpine amd64 lxc image list images: debian lxc image list images: debian arm64 lxc image list images: debian amd64 lxc image list images: oracle lxc image list images: oracle arm64 lxc image list images: oracle amd64 |
lxc image list images: ubuntu lxc image list images: ubuntu arm64 lxc image list images: ubuntu amd64 sudo ls -la /var/snap/lxd/common/lxd/images/ sudo cat /var/snap/lxd/common/lxcfs.pid sudo systemctl stop snap.lxd.daemon sudo apt install zfsutils-linux sudo lxc --verbose --debug list sudo lxd --debug --group lxd sudo ps fauxww | grep lx |
| ||
lxc launch images:alpine/3.17 academia lxc snapshot academia install:curl lxc snapshot academia install:java lxc info academia |
lxc launch images:opensuse/15.3 agronomy lxc snapshot agronomy install:curl lxc snapshot agronomy install:java lxc info agronomy |
lxc launch images:ubuntu/22.04 software lxc snapshot agronomy install:curl lxc snapshot agronomy install:java lxc info software |
| ||
sudo snap refresh lxd --channel=latest sudo snap refresh lxd --channel=stable lxc --version lxd --version ls -lah /etc/dnsmasq.d-available/lxd/ ls -lah /etc/dnsmasq.d/lxd/ |
LXD_BRIDGE_IP=$(ip addr show lxdbr0 | awk '/inet / {print $2}' | cut -d '/' -f 1)
cat << EOF | sudo tee /etc/dnsmasq.d-available/lxd >>/dev/null
server=/lxd/${LXD_BRIDGE_IP}
EOF
sudo ln -s /etc/dnsmasq.d-available/lxd /etc/dnsmasq.d/lxd
sudo rm -f /etc/dnsmasq.d/lxd
|
References
| ||