Linux Mount Drive

mount df lsblk findmnt ─────────────────────────────────────────────── findmnt / TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE OPTIONS / /dev/mmcblk0p2 ext4 rw,noatime

lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 3.7T 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 128M 0 part └─sda2 8:2 0 3.7T 0 part mmcblk0 179:0 0 59.6G 0 disk ├─mmcblk0p1 179:1 0 256M 0 part /boot └─mmcblk0p2 179:2 0 59.4G 0 part /

Formate

gdisk /dev/sdb
:"
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.3

Partition table scan:
  MBR: MBR only
  BSD: not present
  APM: not present
  GPT: not present


***************************************************************
Found invalid GPT and valid MBR; converting MBR to GPT format
in memory. THIS OPERATION IS POTENTIALLY DESTRUCTIVE! Exit by
typing 'q' if you don't want to convert your MBR partitions
to GPT format!
***************************************************************


Command (? for help): o
This option deletes all partitions and creates a new protective MBR.
Proceed? (Y/N): Y

Command (? for help): w

Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING
PARTITIONS!!

Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): Y
OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sdb.
The operation has completed successfully.
"

---

gdisk /dev/sdb
:"
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.3

Partition table scan:
  MBR: protective
  BSD: not present
  APM: not present
  GPT: present

Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.

Command (? for help): v

No problems found. 7814037101 free sectors (3.6 TiB) available in 1
segments, the largest of which is 7814037101 (3.6 TiB) in size.

Command (? for help): n
Partition number (1-128, default 1): 1
First sector (34-7814037134, default = 2048) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: 
Last sector (2048-7814037134, default = 7814037134) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: 
Current type is 'Linux filesystem'
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): 8300
Changed type of partition to 'Linux filesystem'

Command (? for help): v

No problems found. 2014 free sectors (1007.0 KiB) available in 1
segments, the largest of which is 2014 (1007.0 KiB) in size.

Command (? for help): w

Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING
PARTITIONS!!

Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): Y
OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sdb.
The operation has completed successfully.
"

---

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
mkdir -p /nas/nas_00
chmod 775 /nas/nas_00
mount /dev/sdb1 /nas/nas_00

lsblk
:"
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0 465.8G  0 disk 
├─sda1   8:1    0   256M  0 part /boot
└─sda2   8:2    0 465.5G  0 part /
sdb      8:16   0   3.7T  0 disk 
└─sdb1   8:17   0   3.7T  0 part /nas/nas_00
"

Auto Mount

blkid
:'
/dev/sda1: LABEL_FATBOOT="boot" LABEL="boot" UUID="6284-658D" TYPE="vfat" PARTUUID="d8d2ce21-01"
/dev/sda2: LABEL="rootfs" UUID="3a324232-335f-4617-84c3-d4889840dc93" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="d8d2ce21-02"
/dev/sdb1: UUID="d585a513-6325-450d-95d8-7c7f1d56f08e" TYPE="ext4" PARTLABEL="nas0" PARTUUID="387a56e5-25a9-4953-8d50-00c2d6ad6539"
'

fstab entry might be like below:
PARTUUID=387a56e5-25a9-4953-8d50-00c2d6ad6539  /nas/nas_00      ext4    auto,nofail,x-systemd.device-timeout=30  0       0
PARTUUID=387a56e5-25a9-4953-8d50-00c2d6ad6539  /nas/nas_00      ext4    nofail,x-systemd.device-timeout=30  0       0
PARTUUID=387a56e5-25a9-4953-8d50-00c2d6ad6539  /nas/nas_00      ext4    auto,nofail,noatime,rw,user  0       0
PARTUUID=387a56e5-25a9-4953-8d50-00c2d6ad6539  /nas/nas_00      ext4    defaults,nofail,user_xattr,usrjquota=aquota.user,grpjquota=aquota.group,jqfmt=vfsv0,acl  0       2

cat /etc/fstab
:"
proc            /proc           proc    defaults          0       0
PARTUUID=d8d2ce21-01  /boot           vfat    defaults          0       2
PARTUUID=d8d2ce21-02  /               ext4    defaults,noatime  0       1
PARTUUID=387a56e5-25a9-4953-8d50-00c2d6ad6539  /nas/nas_00      ext4    auto,nofail,noatime,rw,user  0       0
# a swapfile is not a swap partition, no line here
#   use  dphys-swapfile swap[on|off]  for that
"

mount -a
findmnt --verify
findmnt --verify --verbose
findmnt --verify --tab-file /etc/fstab --verbose

lsblk
:"
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0 465.8G  0 disk 
├─sda1   8:1    0   256M  0 part /boot
└─sda2   8:2    0 465.5G  0 part /
sdb      8:16   0   3.7T  0 disk 
└─sdb1   8:17   0   3.7T  0 part /nas/nas_00
"

Mounting

mount ─────────────────────────────────────────────── lsblk mkdir /mnt/chorke mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/chorke/ ls -lah /mnt/chorke/

unmount ─────────────────────────────────────────────── lsblk umount /mnt/chorke/ ls -lah /mnt/chorke/ rm -rf /mnt/chorke/

Unmounting

udisks2 (new system) ─────────────────────────────────────────────── lsblk udisksctl unmount -b /dev/sda1 udisksctl power-off -b /dev/sda

udisks (old system) ─────────────────────────────────────────────── lsblk udisks --unmount /dev/sda1 udisks --detach /dev/sda

Resize Volume Group

1. unmount: 
   sudo umount /dev/mmcblk0p3

2. resize: physical volume
   sudo pvresize /dev/mmcblk0p3

3. validate: physical volume size
   sudo pvs

4. resize: logical volume
   sudo lvresize -L +20480 fedora_fedora/root /dev/mmcblk0p3
   sudo lvresize -L +20G fedora_fedora/root /dev/mmcblk0p3
   sudo lvresize -l +100%FREE /dev/fedora_fedora/root

   df -h /
   sudo xfs_growfs /dev/fedora_fedora/root
   sudo resize2fs /dev/fedora_fedora/root

5. validate: logical volume size
   sudo lvs
   df -h /

6. remount:
   sudo mount -a

Knowledge

─────────────────────────────────────────────── apt update apt install lshw apt install fuse3 apt install eject apt install gdisk apt install rsync apt install hdparm apt install ntfs-3g apt install udisks2 apt install progress apt install nfs-common cat /proc/mounts mount|grep ^/dev ls -la /mnt/ mount -a mv /opt/finology/ /nas/nas_00/ ln -s /nas/nas_00/finology /opt/finology chown -h pi:pi /opt/finology

─────────────────────────────────────────────── rsync -r --progress source target udisksctl unmount -b /dev/sda1 lsblk -o NAME,FSTYPE,UUID cat /proc/self/mounts hdparm -N /dev/sda watch progress -w ls -la /dev/sda* eject /dev/dvd parted -l fdisk -l mount -l df -aTh df -hT mount lshw sudo parted -l|grep ntfs sudo mkdir /mnt/e-drive sudo mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/nvme0n1p5 /mnt/e-drive

SD Clone

apt search piclone
apt install piclone
./sdclone /dev/sda /dev/mmcblk0
./sdclone /dev/sda /dev/macblk0

RPI Clone

If sda size more than 2TB
git clone https://github.com/billw2/rpi-clone.git; cd rpi-clone
cp rpi-clone rpi-clone-setup /usr/local/sbin
rpi-clone-setup -t testhostname
rpi-clone -f -p 256M sda

References

How do I check where devices are mounted? Eject or Safely Remove vs Unmount Auto mount NTFS partitions Auto mount at startup Safely remove drive Eject USB drives findmnt mount lsblk df	Best SSD File System for Linux is EXT4 + TRIM HDD partition naming convention in Linux Remount a USB Hard drive from Nautilus Difference between /mnt vs /media Power On a USB Hard drive after it Off Copy a folder with a Progress Bar Mount a NTFS USB Hard drive Display transfer speed in Bash Terabytes Written (TBW) Fstab File Configuration	Does Raspberrypi 4 support boot from GPT partitioned Disk fstab meaning of noauto,nofail,user,noatime Make the most of large drives with GPT and Linux Mount Remote File Systems Over SSH Boot Raspberry Pi 4 From a USB SSD Convert an MBR disk into a GPT disk Validate fstab without rebooting Verify fstab file RPI Clone GPT fdisk
Can't Create Shared Folders Extend Linux Mount Point