Linux Mount Drive: Difference between revisions

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==Formate A Partition==
==Formate==
<source lang="bash" highlight="6,20,22,24,29">
gdisk /dev/sdb
:"
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.3


Partition table scan:
  MBR: MBR only
  BSD: not present
  APM: not present
  GPT: not present


==Mount A Drive==
 
***************************************************************
Found invalid GPT and valid MBR; converting MBR to GPT format
in memory. THIS OPERATION IS POTENTIALLY DESTRUCTIVE! Exit by
typing 'q' if you don't want to convert your MBR partitions
to GPT format!
***************************************************************
 
 
Command (? for help): o
This option deletes all partitions and creates a new protective MBR.
Proceed? (Y/N): Y
 
Command (? for help): w
 
Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING
PARTITIONS!!
 
Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): Y
OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sdb.
The operation has completed successfully.
"
</source>
----
<source lang="bash" highlight="6,9,13,18,26,31,36">
gdisk /dev/sdb
:"
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.3
 
Partition table scan:
  MBR: protective
  BSD: not present
  APM: not present
  GPT: present
 
Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.
 
Command (? for help): v
 
No problems found. 7814037101 free sectors (3.6 TiB) available in 1
segments, the largest of which is 7814037101 (3.6 TiB) in size.
 
Command (? for help): n
Partition number (1-128, default 1): 1
First sector (34-7814037134, default = 2048) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
Last sector (2048-7814037134, default = 7814037134) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
Current type is 'Linux filesystem'
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): 8300
Changed type of partition to 'Linux filesystem'
 
Command (? for help): v
 
No problems found. 2014 free sectors (1007.0 KiB) available in 1
segments, the largest of which is 2014 (1007.0 KiB) in size.
 
Command (? for help): w
 
Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING
PARTITIONS!!
 
Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): Y
OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sdb.
The operation has completed successfully.
"
</source>
----
<source lang="bash">
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
mkdir -p /nas/nas_00
chmod 775 /nas/nas_00
mount /dev/sdb1 /nas/nas_00
</source>
 
<source lang="bash">
lsblk
:"
NAME  MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0 465.8G  0 disk
├─sda1  8:1    0  256M  0 part /boot
└─sda2  8:2    0 465.5G  0 part /
sdb      8:16  0  3.7T  0 disk
└─sdb1  8:17  0  3.7T  0 part /nas/nas_00
"
</source>
 
==Auto Mount==
<source lang="bash">
blkid
:'
/dev/sda1: LABEL_FATBOOT="boot" LABEL="boot" UUID="6284-658D" TYPE="vfat" PARTUUID="d8d2ce21-01"
/dev/sda2: LABEL="rootfs" UUID="3a324232-335f-4617-84c3-d4889840dc93" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="d8d2ce21-02"
/dev/sdb1: UUID="d585a513-6325-450d-95d8-7c7f1d56f08e" TYPE="ext4" PARTLABEL="nas0" PARTUUID="387a56e5-25a9-4953-8d50-00c2d6ad6539"
'
</source>
'''fstab entry might be like below:'''
PARTUUID=387a56e5-25a9-4953-8d50-00c2d6ad6539  /nas/nas_00      ext4    auto,nofail,x-systemd.device-timeout=30  0      0
PARTUUID=387a56e5-25a9-4953-8d50-00c2d6ad6539  /nas/nas_00      ext4    nofail,x-systemd.device-timeout=30  0      0
PARTUUID=387a56e5-25a9-4953-8d50-00c2d6ad6539  /nas/nas_00      ext4    auto,nofail,noatime,rw,user  0      0
PARTUUID=387a56e5-25a9-4953-8d50-00c2d6ad6539  /nas/nas_00      ext4    defaults,nofail,user_xattr,usrjquota=aquota.user,grpjquota=aquota.group,jqfmt=vfsv0,acl  0      2
 
<source lang="bash">
cat /etc/fstab
:"
proc            /proc          proc    defaults          0      0
PARTUUID=d8d2ce21-01  /boot          vfat    defaults          0      2
PARTUUID=d8d2ce21-02  /              ext4    defaults,noatime  0      1
PARTUUID=387a56e5-25a9-4953-8d50-00c2d6ad6539  /nas/nas_00      ext4    auto,nofail,noatime,rw,user  0      0
# a swapfile is not a swap partition, no line here
#  use  dphys-swapfile swap[on|off]  for that
"
</source>
 
<source lang="bash">
mount -a
findmnt --verify
findmnt --verify --verbose
findmnt --verify --tab-file /etc/fstab --verbose
</source>
 
<source lang="bash">
lsblk
:"
NAME  MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0 465.8G  0 disk
├─sda1  8:1    0  256M  0 part /boot
└─sda2  8:2    0 465.5G  0 part /
sdb      8:16  0  3.7T  0 disk
└─sdb1  8:17  0  3.7T  0 part /nas/nas_00
"
</source>
 
==Mounting==
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==Safely Remove==
==Unmounting==
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==Resize Volume Group==
1. '''unmount:'''
    sudo umount /dev/mmcblk0p3
2. '''resize:''' physical volume
    sudo pvresize /dev/mmcblk0p3
3. '''validate:''' physical volume size
    sudo pvs
4. '''resize:''' logical volume
    sudo lvresize -L +20480 fedora_fedora/root /dev/mmcblk0p3
    sudo lvresize -L +20G fedora_fedora/root /dev/mmcblk0p3
    sudo lvresize -l +100%FREE /dev/fedora_fedora/root
    df -h /
    sudo xfs_growfs /dev/fedora_fedora/root
    sudo resize2fs /dev/fedora_fedora/root
5. '''validate:''' logical volume size
    sudo lvs
    df -h /
6. '''remount:'''
    sudo mount -a


==Knowledge==
==Knowledge==
Line 71: Line 238:
  apt update
  apt update
  apt install lshw
  apt install lshw
apt install fuse3
  apt install eject
  apt install eject
  apt install gdisk
  apt install gdisk
Line 78: Line 246:
  apt install udisks2
  apt install udisks2
  apt install progress
  apt install progress
apt install nfs-common
  cat /proc/mounts
  cat /proc/mounts
  mount|grep ^/dev
  mount|grep ^/dev
  ls -la /mnt/
  ls -la /mnt/
  mount -a
  mount -a
mv /opt/finology/ /nas/nas_00/
ln -s /nas/nas_00/finology /opt/finology
chown -h pi:pi /opt/finology


| valign="top" |
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  ls -la /dev/sda*
  ls -la /dev/sda*
  eject /dev/dvd
  eject /dev/dvd
parted -l
  fdisk -l
  fdisk -l
  mount -l
  mount -l
  df -aTh
  df -aTh
df -hT
  mount
  mount
  lshw
  lshw
sudo parted -l|grep ntfs
sudo mkdir  /mnt/e-drive
sudo mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/nvme0n1p5 /mnt/e-drive
|}
|}


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* [https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/106090/ Does Raspberrypi 4 support boot from GPT partitioned Disk]
* [https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/106090/ Does Raspberrypi 4 support boot from GPT partitioned Disk]
* [https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/347013/ <code>fstab</code> meaning of <code>noauto,nofail,user,noatime</code>]
* [https://developer.ibm.com/technologies/linux/tutorials/l-gpt/ Make the most of large drives with GPT and Linux]
* [https://developer.ibm.com/technologies/linux/tutorials/l-gpt/ Make the most of large drives with GPT and Linux]
* [https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-use-sshfs-to-mount-remote-file-systems-over-ssh Mount Remote File Systems Over SSH]
* [https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-use-sshfs-to-mount-remote-file-systems-over-ssh Mount Remote File Systems Over SSH]
* [https://www.tomshardware.com/how-to/boot-raspberry-pi-4-usb Boot Raspberry Pi 4 From a USB SSD]
* [https://www.tomshardware.com/how-to/boot-raspberry-pi-4-usb Boot Raspberry Pi 4 From a USB SSD]
* [https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/storage/disk-management/change-an-mbr-disk-into-a-gpt-disk Convert an MBR disk into a GPT disk]
* [https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/storage/disk-management/change-an-mbr-disk-into-a-gpt-disk Convert an MBR disk into a GPT disk]
* [https://serverfault.com/questions/174181/ Validate fstab without rebooting]
* [https://blog.sleeplessbeastie.eu/2019/01/21/how-to-verify-fstab-file/ Verify fstab file]
* [https://github.com/billw2/rpi-clone RPI Clone]
* [https://github.com/billw2/rpi-clone RPI Clone]
* [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GPT_fdisk GPT fdisk]
* [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GPT_fdisk GPT fdisk]
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* [https://forum.openmediavault.org/index.php?thread/20727-can-t-create-shared-folders/ Can't Create Shared Folders]
* [https://linuxroutes.com/extend-linux-mount-point/ Extend Linux Mount Point]
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Latest revision as of 23:24, 20 January 2023

mount
df
lsblk
findmnt
───────────────────────────────────────────────
findmnt /

TARGET SOURCE         FSTYPE OPTIONS
/      /dev/mmcblk0p2 ext4   rw,noatime

lsblk

NAME        MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda           8:0    0  3.7T  0 disk 
├─sda1        8:1    0  128M  0 part 
└─sda2        8:2    0  3.7T  0 part 
mmcblk0     179:0    0 59.6G  0 disk 
├─mmcblk0p1 179:1    0  256M  0 part /boot
└─mmcblk0p2 179:2    0 59.4G  0 part /

Formate

gdisk /dev/sdb
:"
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.3

Partition table scan:
  MBR: MBR only
  BSD: not present
  APM: not present
  GPT: not present


***************************************************************
Found invalid GPT and valid MBR; converting MBR to GPT format
in memory. THIS OPERATION IS POTENTIALLY DESTRUCTIVE! Exit by
typing 'q' if you don't want to convert your MBR partitions
to GPT format!
***************************************************************


Command (? for help): o
This option deletes all partitions and creates a new protective MBR.
Proceed? (Y/N): Y

Command (? for help): w

Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING
PARTITIONS!!

Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): Y
OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sdb.
The operation has completed successfully.
"

gdisk /dev/sdb
:"
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.3

Partition table scan:
  MBR: protective
  BSD: not present
  APM: not present
  GPT: present

Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.

Command (? for help): v

No problems found. 7814037101 free sectors (3.6 TiB) available in 1
segments, the largest of which is 7814037101 (3.6 TiB) in size.

Command (? for help): n
Partition number (1-128, default 1): 1
First sector (34-7814037134, default = 2048) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: 
Last sector (2048-7814037134, default = 7814037134) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: 
Current type is 'Linux filesystem'
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): 8300
Changed type of partition to 'Linux filesystem'

Command (? for help): v

No problems found. 2014 free sectors (1007.0 KiB) available in 1
segments, the largest of which is 2014 (1007.0 KiB) in size.

Command (? for help): w

Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING
PARTITIONS!!

Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): Y
OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sdb.
The operation has completed successfully.
"

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
mkdir -p /nas/nas_00
chmod 775 /nas/nas_00
mount /dev/sdb1 /nas/nas_00

lsblk
:"
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0 465.8G  0 disk 
├─sda1   8:1    0   256M  0 part /boot
└─sda2   8:2    0 465.5G  0 part /
sdb      8:16   0   3.7T  0 disk 
└─sdb1   8:17   0   3.7T  0 part /nas/nas_00
"

Auto Mount

blkid
:'
/dev/sda1: LABEL_FATBOOT="boot" LABEL="boot" UUID="6284-658D" TYPE="vfat" PARTUUID="d8d2ce21-01"
/dev/sda2: LABEL="rootfs" UUID="3a324232-335f-4617-84c3-d4889840dc93" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="d8d2ce21-02"
/dev/sdb1: UUID="d585a513-6325-450d-95d8-7c7f1d56f08e" TYPE="ext4" PARTLABEL="nas0" PARTUUID="387a56e5-25a9-4953-8d50-00c2d6ad6539"
'

fstab entry might be like below:
PARTUUID=387a56e5-25a9-4953-8d50-00c2d6ad6539  /nas/nas_00      ext4    auto,nofail,x-systemd.device-timeout=30  0       0
PARTUUID=387a56e5-25a9-4953-8d50-00c2d6ad6539  /nas/nas_00      ext4    nofail,x-systemd.device-timeout=30  0       0
PARTUUID=387a56e5-25a9-4953-8d50-00c2d6ad6539  /nas/nas_00      ext4    auto,nofail,noatime,rw,user  0       0
PARTUUID=387a56e5-25a9-4953-8d50-00c2d6ad6539  /nas/nas_00      ext4    defaults,nofail,user_xattr,usrjquota=aquota.user,grpjquota=aquota.group,jqfmt=vfsv0,acl  0       2

cat /etc/fstab
:"
proc            /proc           proc    defaults          0       0
PARTUUID=d8d2ce21-01  /boot           vfat    defaults          0       2
PARTUUID=d8d2ce21-02  /               ext4    defaults,noatime  0       1
PARTUUID=387a56e5-25a9-4953-8d50-00c2d6ad6539  /nas/nas_00      ext4    auto,nofail,noatime,rw,user  0       0
# a swapfile is not a swap partition, no line here
#   use  dphys-swapfile swap[on|off]  for that
"

mount -a
findmnt --verify
findmnt --verify --verbose
findmnt --verify --tab-file /etc/fstab --verbose

lsblk
:"
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0 465.8G  0 disk 
├─sda1   8:1    0   256M  0 part /boot
└─sda2   8:2    0 465.5G  0 part /
sdb      8:16   0   3.7T  0 disk 
└─sdb1   8:17   0   3.7T  0 part /nas/nas_00
"

Mounting

mount
───────────────────────────────────────────────
lsblk
mkdir /mnt/chorke
mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/chorke/
ls -lah /mnt/chorke/

unmount
───────────────────────────────────────────────
lsblk
umount /mnt/chorke/
ls -lah /mnt/chorke/
rm -rf /mnt/chorke/

Unmounting

udisks2 (new system)
───────────────────────────────────────────────
lsblk
udisksctl unmount -b /dev/sda1
udisksctl power-off -b /dev/sda

udisks (old system)
───────────────────────────────────────────────
lsblk
udisks --unmount /dev/sda1
udisks --detach /dev/sda

Resize Volume Group

1. unmount: 
   sudo umount /dev/mmcblk0p3

2. resize: physical volume
   sudo pvresize /dev/mmcblk0p3

3. validate: physical volume size
   sudo pvs

4. resize: logical volume
   sudo lvresize -L +20480 fedora_fedora/root /dev/mmcblk0p3
   sudo lvresize -L +20G fedora_fedora/root /dev/mmcblk0p3
   sudo lvresize -l +100%FREE /dev/fedora_fedora/root

   df -h /
   sudo xfs_growfs /dev/fedora_fedora/root
   sudo resize2fs /dev/fedora_fedora/root

5. validate: logical volume size
   sudo lvs
   df -h /

6. remount:
   sudo mount -a

Knowledge

───────────────────────────────────────────────
apt update
apt install lshw
apt install fuse3
apt install eject
apt install gdisk
apt install rsync
apt install hdparm
apt install ntfs-3g
apt install udisks2
apt install progress
apt install nfs-common
cat /proc/mounts
mount|grep ^/dev
ls -la /mnt/
mount -a

mv /opt/finology/ /nas/nas_00/
ln -s /nas/nas_00/finology /opt/finology 
chown -h pi:pi /opt/finology

───────────────────────────────────────────────
rsync -r --progress source target
udisksctl unmount -b /dev/sda1
lsblk -o NAME,FSTYPE,UUID
cat /proc/self/mounts
hdparm -N /dev/sda
watch progress -w
ls -la /dev/sda*
eject /dev/dvd
parted -l
fdisk -l
mount -l
df -aTh
df -hT
mount
lshw

sudo parted -l|grep ntfs
sudo mkdir  /mnt/e-drive
sudo mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/nvme0n1p5 /mnt/e-drive

SD Clone

apt search piclone
apt install piclone
./sdclone /dev/sda /dev/mmcblk0
./sdclone /dev/sda /dev/macblk0

RPI Clone

If sda size more than 2TB
git clone https://github.com/billw2/rpi-clone.git; cd rpi-clone
cp rpi-clone rpi-clone-setup /usr/local/sbin
rpi-clone-setup -t testhostname
rpi-clone -f -p 256M sda

References

Retrieved from "https://cdn.chorke.org/weke/index.php?title=Linux_Mount_Drive&oldid=9050"